Association between patterns of sedentary time and academic performance in adolescents: the mediating role of self-concept.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between the pattern of sedentary time (bouts and breaks) with academic performance, with an emphasis on the mediating role of self-concept. METHODS: Participants in the cross-sectional study were 394 adolescents (208 girls), aged 10-14 years, from sixth grade from Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. The sedentary time pattern was measured through accelerometry. Definitions: sedentary bouts - uninterrupted periods of sedentary behavior; breaks - non-sedentary period between two sedentary bouts. The self-concept was estimated using the Piers-Harris II Inventory. Academic performance was obtained by school grades. RESULTS: Short sedentary bouts were associated with higher academic performance in boys (1-4 minutes: ß=0.035, p=0.007) and girls (1-4 minutes: ß=0.031, p=0.014; 5-14 minutes: ß=0.054, p=0.001). Long bouts (30 minutes) were associated with lower academic performance in boys (ß=-0.023; p=0.011) and girls (ß=-0.032; p<0.001). For girls, total and intellectual self-concept mediated the association between all sedentary pattern and academic performance (bouts 1-4 minutes [total: 39% and intellectual: 42.8%]; bouts 5-14 minutes [total: 21.5% and intellectual: 35.4%]; bouts ≥30 minutes [total: 22.6% and intellectual: 32.3%]; and breaks [total: 38.9% and intellectual: 40.7%]). For boys, the total (56.4%) and intellectual (82.9%) self-concept mediated only the association between bouts of 5-14 minute and academic performance. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of sedentary time is associated with academic performance in adolescents and this association is mediated by self-concept, especially in girls.

Effect of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) on the sleep of Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (CNCDs) on the onset or increase in sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The role of the report of sadness or nervousness during the pandemic was also evaluated as a mediator of this association. Data from a behavior survey during COVID-19, conducted in Brazil with 45,161 people (18 years old or older), from April 24 to May 24, 2020, were used. The outcome variable was the onset or increase in sleep problems, and the exposure variable was the presence of CNCDs. The adjusted Odds Ratio of the association between CNCDs and sleep was estimated, and a mediation analysis was performed to test the effect of the report of sadness or nervousness on this association, using the Karlson Holm Breen method. The increase in sleep problems was reported by 44.9% of the population, and 33.9% reported at least one CNCD. The chance of sleep problems was higher among people with diabetes (1.34; 1.05-1.71), hypertension (1.26; 1.06-1.50), and with coronary heart diseases (1.36; 1.13-1.65) or respiratory diseases (1.42; 1.04-1.93). Compared to people without CNCDs, individuals with at least one CNCD had a 36% greater chance of impaired sleep (1.36; 1.19-1.55). The report of sadness or nervousness explained 45.1% of the association between CNCD and sleep. Our findings alert us to care for the emotional state and sleep of chronic patients during the waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, and indicate the need for sleep monitoring in this population.

Association between patterns of sedentary time and academic performance in adolescents: the mediating role of self-concept / Associação entre o padrão do tempo sedentário e o desempenho acadêmico em adolescentes: o papel mediador do autoconceito

Abstract Objective: To analyze the association between the pattern of sedentary time (bouts and breaks) with academic performance, with an emphasis on the mediating role of self-concept. Methods: Participants in the cross-sectional study were 394 adolescents (208 girls), aged 10-14 years, from sixth grade from Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. The sedentary time pattern was measured through accelerometry. Definitions: sedentary bouts — uninterrupted periods of sedentary behavior; breaks — non-sedentary period between two sedentary bouts. The self-concept was estimated using the Piers-Harris II Inventory. Academic performance was obtained by school grades. Results: Short sedentary bouts were associated with higher academic performance in boys (1-4 minutes: β=0.035, p=0.007) and girls (1-4 minutes: β=0.031, p=0.014; 5-14 minutes: β=0.054, p=0.001). Long bouts (30 minutes) were associated with lower academic performance in boys (β=-0.023; p=0.011) and girls (β=-0.032; p<0.001). For girls, total and intellectual self-concept mediated the association between all sedentary pattern and academic performance (bouts 1-4 minutes [total: 39% and intellectual: 42.8%]; bouts 5-14 minutes [total: 21.5% and intellectual: 35.4%]; bouts ≥30 minutes [total: 22.6% and intellectual: 32.3%]; and breaks [total: 38.9% and intellectual: 40.7%]). For boys, the total (56.4%) and intellectual (82.9%) self-concept mediated only the association between bouts of 5-14 minute and academic performance. Conclusions: The pattern of sedentary time is associated with academic performance in adolescents and this association is mediated by self-concept, especially in girls.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre o padrão do tempo sedentário (bouts e breaks) e o desempenho acadêmico, com ênfase no papel mediador do autoconceito. Métodos: Participaram deste estudo transversal 394 adolescentes (208 moças), de 10 a 14 anos, da sexta série de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. O padrão do tempo sedentário foi obtido por meio de acelerometria. Definições: bouts sedentários — períodos ininterruptos em comportamento sedentário; breaks — período não sedentário entre duas séries sedentárias. O autoconceito foi estimado usando o Inventário Piers-Harris II. O desempenho acadêmico foi obtido pelas notas escolares. Resultados: Bouts sedentários curtos foram associados com maior desempenho acadêmico em rapazes (1-4 minutos: β=0,035, p=0,007) e moças (1-4 minutos: β=0,031, p=0,014; 5-14 minutos: β=0,054, p=0,001). Bouts longos (30 minutos) foram associados a menor desempenho acadêmico em rapazes (β=-0,023; p=0,011) e moças (β=-0,032; p<0,001). Para as moças, o autoconceito total e intelectual mediou a associação entre todos os padrões sedentários e o desempenho acadêmico (bouts de 1-4 minutos [total: 39% e intelectual: 42,8%]; bouts de 5-14 minutos [total: 21,5% e intelectual: 35,4%]; bouts ≥30 minutos [total: 22,6% e intelectual: 32,3%]; e breaks [total: 38,9% e intelectual: 40,7%]). Para os rapazes, o autoconceito total (56,4%) e intelectual (82,9%) mediaram apenas a associação entre bouts de 5-14 minutos e desempenho acadêmico. Conclusões: O padrão do tempo sedentário está associado ao desempenho acadêmico em adolescentes, e essa associação é mediada pelo autoconceito, principalmente em moças.

Self-perceived social relationships are related to health risk behaviors and mental health in adolescents.

Although changes have been observed in social relationships in the recent years, especially among younger generations, little evidence is available concerning factors associated with adolescents' perceived social relationships. In this study we investigated the association between self-perceived social relationships, health-related behaviors, biological maturation, and mental health in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 1,336 adolescents (605 boys and 731 girls) aged between 10 to 17 years from public schools. Self-perceived social relationships (family, friends, and teachers), feelings of stress and sadness, academic performance, tobacco smoking, alcohol and fat consumption, physical activity, and screen time were evaluated by a questionnaire. Biological maturation was assessed by the peak height velocity. We observed that worse perceived social relationships were associated with tobacco smoking (family and teachers), alcohol drinking (teachers), higher consumption of fat (teachers), greater feelings of stress (family and teachers) and sadness (family and friends), and poor academic achievement (friends and teachers).

Self-perceived social relationships are related to health risk behaviors and mental health in adolescents / A percepção dos relacionamentos sociais está relacionada à comportamentos de risco associados à saúde e à saúde mental em adolescentes

Abstract Although changes have been observed in social relationships in the recent years, especially among younger generations, little evidence is available concerning factors associated with adolescents' perceived social relationships. In this study we investigated the association between self-perceived social relationships, health-related behaviors, biological maturation, and mental health in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 1,336 adolescents (605 boys and 731 girls) aged between 10 to 17 years from public schools. Self-perceived social relationships (family, friends, and teachers), feelings of stress and sadness, academic performance, tobacco smoking, alcohol and fat consumption, physical activity, and screen time were evaluated by a questionnaire. Biological maturation was assessed by the peak height velocity. We observed that worse perceived social relationships were associated with tobacco smoking (family and teachers), alcohol drinking (teachers), higher consumption of fat (teachers), greater feelings of stress (family and teachers) and sadness (family and friends), and poor academic achievement (friends and teachers).

Resumo Apesar das mudanças observadas nos relacionamentos sociais nos últimos anos, especialmente entre as gerações mais novas, pouca evidência está disponível sobre os fatores associados à percepção dos relacionamentos sociais. Neste estudo nós investigamos a associação entre a percepção das próprias relações sociais, comportamentos associados à saúde, maturação biológica e indicadores de saúde mental em adolescentes. Este é um estudo transversal conduzido com 1.336 adolescentes (605 meninos e 731 meninas) com idades entre 10 e 17 anos, alunos de escolas públicas. A percepção dos relacionamentos sociais (família, amigo e professores), frequência de sentimentos de estresse e tristeza, o desempenho acadêmico, consumo de álcool, tabaco e alimentos gordurosos, bem como o nível de atividade física e tempo de tela foram avaliados por questionário. A maturação biológica foi estimada a partir do pico de velocidade de crescimento. Observamos que as piores relações sociais percebidas estiveram relacionadas ao consumo de tabaco (família e professores), de álcool (professores), alto consumo de alimentos gordurosos (professores), sentimentos de estresse (família e professores) e de tristeza (família e amigos) mais frequentes, e pior percepção do desempenho acadêmico (amigos e professores).

Noncommunicable diseases and changes in lifestyles during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. / Doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e mudanças nos estilos de vida durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To compare lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic according to the presence or absence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Brazilian adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, using data from the ConVid survey, between April and May 2020. The following variables were evaluated: lifestyle and presence of one or more NCDs (diabetes, hypertension, respiratory disease, heart disease, and cancer). Sociodemographic characteristics were used as adjustment. Relative frequencies and confidence intervals (CI) of 95% of the explanatory variables were calculated before and during the pandemic. For the comparison of groups, with or without NCDs, crude and adjusted (PRadj) prevalence ratios were estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: There was a reduction in physical activity (60% in those without NCDs and 58% in those with NCDs) and in vegetable consumption (10.8% in those without NCDs and 12.7% in those with NCDs). On the other hand, there was an increase in the time spent watching television and on screens of computer/tablet (302% and 43.5% in those without NCDs and 196.5% and 30.6% with NCDs, respectively); consumption of frozen meals (43.6% in those without NCDs and 53.7% with NCDs), snacks (42.3% without NCDs and 31.2% with NCDs), and chocolate (14.8% without NCDs). During the pandemic, patients with NCDs were less active (PRadj = 0.77; 95%CI 0.65 - 0.92), had greater habit of watching TV (PRadj = 1.16; 95%CI 1.08 - 1.26), and consumed less vegetables (PRadj = 0.88; 95%CI 0.81 - 0.96). CONCLUSION: It was evident that adults with NCDs had their lifestyles more altered during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJETIVO: Comparar as mudanças de estilos de vida durante a pandemia COVID-19, segundo a presença ou não de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) em adultos brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, com dados da pesquisa ConVid - Pesquisa de Comportamentos, realizada entre abril e maio de 2020. Avaliaram-se as variáveis estilo de vida e presença de uma ou mais DCNT (diabetes, hipertensão, doença respiratória, doença do coração e câncer). As características sociodemográficas foram usadas como ajuste. Calcularam-se as frequências relativas e os intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95% das variáveis antes da e durante a pandemia. Para a comparação de grupos, sem ou com DCNT, estimaram-se as prevalências e razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada (RPa) utilizando a regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: Houve redução da prática de atividade física (60% nos sem DCNT e 58% nos com DCNT) e do consumo de hortaliças (10,8% nos sem DCNT e 12,7% nos com DCNT). Verificou-se aumento no tempo de uso de televisão e computador/tablet (302 e 43,5% nos sem DCNT e 196,5 e 30,6% nos com DCNT, respectivamente); consumo de congelados (43,6% nos sem DCNT e 53,7% com DCNT), salgadinhos (42,3% sem DCNT e 31,2% com DCNT) e chocolate (14,8% sem DCNT). Durante a pandemia, portadores de DCNT apresentaram menor prática de atividade física suficiente (RPa = 0,77; IC95% 0,65 - 0,92), maior hábito de assistir à televisão (RPa = 1,16; IC95% 1,08 - 1,26) e menor consumo de hortaliças (RPa = 0,88; IC95% 0,81 - 0,96). CONCLUSÃO: Evidenciou-se que adultos com DCNT tiveram seus estilos de vida mais alterados durante a pandemia de COVID-19.

IDEAL CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH STATUS AND HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN ADOLESCENTS: THE LABMED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY STUDY.

OBJECTIVE: Adolescent's ideal cardiovascular health index (ICVH) seems to be an important indicator of youth's lifestyles and cardiometabolic health with potential positive consequences for their Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between the ICVH index and HRQoL in adolescents. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study based on secondary analyses from the LabMed Physical Activity Study (n=407 adolescents, 53% girls). ICVH, as defined by the American Heart Association, was determined as meeting ideal behaviors (physical activity, body mass index, smoking status, and diet intake) and health factors (blood pressure, total glucose, and cholesterol). HRQoL was measured with the Kidscreen-10 self-report questionnaire. RESULTS: Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed a significant association between the accumulation of ideal cardiovascular health metrics and HRQoL (F(4,403)=4.160; p=0.003). In addition, the higher the number of ideal health behaviors accumulated, the higher the mean values of HRQoL (p-value for trend=0.001), after adjustments for age, sex, socioeconomic status and pubertal stage. CONCLUSIONS: ICVH index was positively associated with HRQoL in adolescents. Ideal health behaviors metrics seem to have a stronger association with HRQoL than the ideal health factors metrics in adolescents.

Ideal cardiovascular health status and health-related quality of life in adolescents: the labmed physical activity study / Estado de saúde cardiovascular ideal e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em adolescentes: estudo labmed

ABSTRACT Objective: Adolescent's ideal cardiovascular health index (ICVH) seems to be an important indicator of youth's lifestyles and cardiometabolic health with potential positive consequences for their Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between the ICVH index and HRQoL in adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on secondary analyses from the LabMed Physical Activity Study (n=407 adolescents, 53% girls). ICVH, as defined by the American Heart Association, was determined as meeting ideal behaviors (physical activity, body mass index, smoking status, and diet intake) and health factors (blood pressure, total glucose, and cholesterol). HRQoL was measured with the Kidscreen-10 self-report questionnaire. Results: Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed a significant association between the accumulation of ideal cardiovascular health metrics and HRQoL (F(4,403)=4.160; p=0.003). In addition, the higher the number of ideal health behaviors accumulated, the higher the mean values of HRQoL (p-value for trend=0.001), after adjustments for age, sex, socioeconomic status and pubertal stage. Conclusions: ICVH index was positively associated with HRQoL in adolescents. Ideal health behaviors metrics seem to have a stronger association with HRQoL than the ideal health factors metrics in adolescents.

RESUMO Objetivo: O Índice de Saúde Cardiovascular Ideal (ISCI) do adolescente parece ser um importante indicador do estilo de vida e da saúde cardiometabólica dos jovens, com possíveis consequências positivas para a Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (QVRS). O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar as associações do ISCI e da QVRS em adolescentes. Métodos: Este foi um estudo transversal baseado em análises secundárias do estudo LabMed Physical Activity (n=407 adolescentes, 53% meninas). O ISCI, conforme definido pela American Heart Association, foi determinado como atendendo a comportamentos ideais (atividade física, índice de massa corporal, tabagismo e padrão alimentar) e fatores de saúde (pressão arterial, glicose total e colesterol). A QVRS foi mensurada com o questionário de autorrelato Kidscreen-10. Resultados: A análise de covariância mostrou associação entre o acúmulo de métricas ideais de saúde cardiovascular e a QVRS (F(4,403)=4,160; p=0,003). Quanto maior o número de comportamentos ideais de saúde acumulados, maiores os valores médios da QVRS (p-valor de tendência=0,001), após ajustes para idade, sexo, status socioeconômico e estágio pubertal. Conclusões: O índice de saúde cardiovascular ideal associou-se positivamente à QVRS em adolescentes. As métricas ideais de comportamentos de saúde parecem ter uma associação mais forte com a QVRS do que as métricas ideais de fatores de saúde em adolescentes.

Chronic non-communicable diseases and changes in lifestyles during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil / Doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e mudanças nos estilos de vida durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil

Objective: Compare lifestyle changes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the presence or absence of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Brazilian adults. Methods: Cross-sectional study, using data from the ConVid survey, between April and May 2020. Variables were evaluated: lifestyle and presence of one or mor NCDs (diabetes, hypertension, respiratory disease, heart disease and cancer). Sociodemographic characteristics were used as adjustment. Relative frequencies and confidence intervals (CI) of 95% of the explanatory variables were calculated before and during the pandemic. For the comparison of groups, with or without NCDs for changes in lifestyles during the pandemic, the prevalence and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (RPa) were estimated by Poisson regression. Results: There was a reduction in physical activity (60% without NCDs and 58% with NCDs), vegetable consumption (10.8% in those without NCDs and 12.7% in those with NCDs). On the other hand, there was an increase in the time spent using television and computer/tablet (302% and 43.5% in those with NCDs and 196.5% and 30.6% without NCDs, respectively); consumption of frozen foods (43.6% in those without NCDs and 53.7% without NCDs), snacks (42.3% without NCDs and 31.2% with NCDs) and chocolate (14.8% without NCDs). During the pandemic, NCDs patients showed less practice of sufficient physical activity (RPa 0.77; CI 0.65­0.92), greater habit of watching TV (RPa 1.16; CI 1.08­1.26) and lower consumption of vegetables (RPa 0.88; CI 0.81­0.96). Conclusion: It was evident that adults with NCDs had their lifestyles more altered during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objetivo: Comparar as mudanças de estilos de vida antes e durante a pandemia COVID-19, segundo presença ou não de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) em adultos brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados da pesquisa ConVid, realizada entre abril e maio de 2020. Avaliaram-se as variáveis: estilo de vida e a presença de uma ou mais DCNT (diabetes, hipertensão, doença respiratória, doença do coração e câncer). As características sociodemográficas foram usadas como ajuste. Calcularam-se as frequências relativas e os intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95% das variáveis antes e durante a pandemia. Para a comparação de grupos, sem ou com DCNT, estimaram-se as prevalências e razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada (RPa) utilizando a regressão de Poisson. Resultados: Houve redução da prática de atividade física (60,0% nos sem DCNT e 58,0% nos com DCNT) e do consumo de hortaliças (10,8% nos sem DCNT e 12,7% nos com DCNT). Verificou-se aumento no tempo de uso de televisão e computador/tablet (302% e 43,5% nos com DCNT e 196,5% e 30,6% sem DCNT, respectivamente); consumo de congelados (43,6% nos sem DCNT e 53,7% com DCNT), salgadinhos (42,3% sem DCNT e 31,2% com DCNT) e chocolate (14,8% sem DCNT). Durante a pandemia, portadores de DCNT apresentaram menor prática de atividade física suficiente (RPa 0,77; IC 0,65­0,92), maior hábito de assistir TV (RPa 1,16; IC 1,08­1,26) e menor consumo de hortaliças (RPa 0,88; IC 0,81­0,96). Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que adultos com DCNT tiveram seus estilos de vida mais alterados durante a pandemia de COVID-19.

Adherence to physical contact restriction measures and the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil. / Adesão às medidas de restrição de contato físico e disseminação da COVID-19 no Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the adherence of the population to physical contact restriction measures and the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil. METHODS: This was a web-based health survey carried out from April 24 to May 24 2020 using a chain sampling procedure. Intensity of adherence to physical contact restriction measures was analyzed according to sociodemographic characteristics, using logistic regression models to investigate associations with 'No/little adherence'. RESULTS: Of the 45,161 participants, 74.2% (73.8;74.6%) reported intense adherence to the measures. The group that did not adhere to the measures was characterized by men (31.7%), those aged 30 to 49 (36.4%), those with low education levels (33.0%), those who worked during the pandemic (81.3%), those resident in the North (28.1%) and Midwest (28.5%) regions of the country. In Brazil as a whole, there was a decrease in COVID-19 daily growth rates, from 45.4% to 5.0%. CONCLUSION: A large part of the Brazilian population adhered to physical contact restriction measures, which possibly contributed to decreasing the spread of COVID-19.

Report on sadness/depression, nervousness/anxiety and sleep problems in the Brazilian adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic. / Relato de tristeza/depressão, nervosismo/ansiedade e problemas de sono na população adulta brasileira durante a pandemia de COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency of sadness, nervousness, and sleep disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, identifying the most affected demographic segments. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire answered by adults and elderly people to collect information on living conditions, health and health-related behaviors. Prevalence rates and prevalence ratios adjusted for age and sex were estimated. RESULTS: The data on 45,161 Brazilian respondents showed that during the pandemic 40.4% (95%CI 39.0;41.8) frequently felt sad or depressed and 52.6% (95%CI 51.2;54.1) frequently felt anxious or nervous; 43.5% (95%CI 41.8;45.3) reported the onset of sleep problems and 48.0% (95%CI 45.6;50.5) had a prior sleep problem that had become worse. Frequent sadness and nervousness, as well as change in sleep patterns were higher in young adults, women and those with a history of depression. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence found indicates the need to guarantee the provision of services for mental health and quality of sleep that are adapted to the pandemic context.

Report of sadness / depression, nervousness / anxiety and sleep problems in the Brazilian adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic / Informe de tristeza/depresión, nerviosismo/ansiedad y problemas de sueño en la población adulta brasileña durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Relato de tristeza/depressão, nervosismo/ansiedade e problemas de sono na população adulta brasileira durante a pandemia de COVID-19

Objective. To analyze the frequency of sadness, nervousness, and sleep disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, identifying the most affected demographic segments. Methods. It is a cross-sectional study, with a questionnaire applied via the web to adults and the elderly, collecting information on living conditions, health and health behaviors. Prevalence and prevalence ratios were adjusted for age and sex. Results. With data from 45,161 respondents, it was found that during the pandemic 40.4% (95%CI 41,4; 46,7) of Brazilians often felt sad or depressed and 52.6% (95%CI 51,2; 54,1) often anxious or nervous; 43.5% (95%CI 41,8; 45,3) started to have a sleep problem and 48.0% (95%CI 45,6; 50,5) had a previous sleep problem aggravated. The frequencies of sadness, nervousness and change in sleep were higher in young adults, women and those with a history of depression. Conclusion. The high prevalence found indicates the need to guarantee the provision of services for mental health and quality of sleep that are adapted to the pandemic context.

Objetivo. Analisar a frequência de tristeza, nervosismo e alterações do sono durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil, identificando os segmentos demográficos mais afetados. Métodos. Estudo transversal, com questionário aplicado via web a adultos e idosos, coletando informações sobre condições de vida, saúde e comportamentos de saúde. Foram estimadas prevalências e razões de prevalência ajustadas por idade e sexo. Resultados. Com dados de 45.161 respondentes, verificou-se que, durante a pandemia, 40,4% (IC95% 39,0; 41,8) dos brasileiros sentiram-se frequentemente tristes ou deprimidos e 52,6% (IC95% 51,2; 54,1) frequentemente ansiosos ou nervosos; 43,5% (IC95% 41,8; 45,3) relataram início de problemas de sono e 48,0% (IC95% 45,6; 50,5) problema de sono prévio agravado. A tristeza e o nervosismo frequentes e as alterações do sono estiveram mais presentes entre adultos jovens, mulheres e pessoas com antecedente de depressão. Conclusão. As elevadas prevalências encontradas indicam a necessidade de garantir a provisão de serviços de atenção à saúde mental e à qualidade do sono de forma adaptada ao contexto pandêmico.

Adesão às medidas de restrição de contato físico e disseminação da COVID-19 no Brasil / Adhesión a medidas de restricción de contacto físico y diseminación del COVID-19 en Brasil / Adherence to physical contact restriction measures and the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil

Objetivo: Analisar a adesão da população às medidas de restrição de contato físico e disseminação da COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos: Inquérito de saúde, realizado pela internet, com amostragem em cadeia, no período de 24 de abril a 24 de maio de 2020. A intensidade da adesão à restrição de contato físico foi analisada segundo características sociodemográficas, utilizando-se modelos de regressão logística para investigar associações com 'Nenhuma/pouca adesão'. Resultados: Dos 45.161 participantes, 74,2% (73,8-74,6%) relataram intensa adesão às medidas. O grupo que não aderiu às medidas foi composto homens (31,7%), com idade de 30 a 49 anos (36,4%), baixa escolaridade (33,0%), trabalhando durante a pandemia (81,3%), residentes nas regiões Norte (28,1%) e Centro-Oeste (28,5%) do país. Houve importante redução das taxas de crescimento diário, de 45,4 para 5,0%. Conclusão: Grande parte da população brasileira aderiu às medidas de restrição de contato físico, o que, possivelmente, contribuiu para reduzir a disseminação da COVID-19.

Objetivo: Analizar la adhesión de los brasileños a las medidas de restricción de contacto físico y diseminación del COVID-19. Métodos: Encuesta de salud realizada por internet con muesteo em cadena entre 24 de abril y 24 de mayo de 2020. La intensidad de la adhesión a la restricción de contacto físico se analizó de acuerdo con características sociodemográficas, utilizando modelos de regresión logística para investigar asociaciones con 'Ninguna/poca adhesión'. Resultados: Participaron 45.161, de los cuales un 74,2% (73,8;74,6%) informó intensa adhesión. El grupo con poca adhesión se caracterizó por hombres (31,7%), 30-49 años (36,4%), baja educación (33,0%), que trabajaron durante la pandemia (81,3%), residiendo em las regiones Norte (28,1%) y Centro-Oeste (28,5%) del país. En Brasil hubo una reducción relevante em las tasas de crecimiento diario, del 45,4% al 5,0%. Conclusión: Gran parte de la población adhirió a las medidas de restricción de contacto físico, lo que posiblemente contribuyó a la disminución de la diseminación del COVID-19.

Objective: To analyze the adherence of the population to physical contact restriction measures and the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil. Methods: This was a web-based health survey carried out from April 24 to May 24 2020 using a chain sampling procedure. Intensity of adherence to physical contact restriction measures was analyzed according to sociodemographic characteristics, using logistic regression models to investigate associations with 'No/little adherence'. Results: Of the 45,161 participants, 74.2% (73.8;74.6%) reported intense adherence to the measures. The group that did not adhere to the measures was characterized by men (31.7%), those aged 30 to 49 (36.4%), those with low education levels (33.0%), those who worked during the pandemic (81.3%), those resident in the North (28.1%) and Midwest (28.5%) regions of the country. In Brazil as a whole, there was a decrease in COVID-19 daily growth rates, from 45.4% to 5.0%. Conclusion: A large part of the Brazilian population adhered to physical contact restriction measures, which possibly contributed to decreasing the spread of COVID-19.

Relato de tristeza/depressão, nervosismo/ansiedade e problemas de sono na população adulta brasileira durante a pandemia de COVID-19 / Informe de tristeza/depresión, nerviosismo/ansiedad y problemas de sueño en la población adulta brasileña durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Report on sadness/depression, nervousness/anxiety and sleep problems in the Brazilian adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objetivo: Analisar a frequência de tristeza, nervosismo e alterações do sono durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil, identificando os segmentos demográficos mais afetados. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com questionário aplicado via web a adultos e idosos, coletando informações sobre condições de vida, saúde e comportamento. Foram estimadas prevalências e razões de prevalências ajustadas por idade e sexo. Resultados: De 45.161 brasileiros respondentes, verificou-se que, durante a pandemia, 40,4% (IC95% 39,0;41,8) se sentiram frequentemente tristes ou deprimidos, e 52,6% (IC95% 51,2;54,1) frequentemente ansiosos ou nervosos; 43,5% (IC95% 41,8;45,3) relataram início de problemas de sono, e 48,0% (IC95% 45,6;50,5) problema de sono preexistente agravado. Tristeza, nervosismo frequentes e alterações do sono estiveram mais presentes entre adultos jovens, mulheres e pessoas com antecedente de depressão. Conclusão: As elevadas prevalências encontradas indicam a necessidade de garantir a provisão de serviços de atenção à saúde mental e à qualidade do sono, adaptados ao contexto pandêmico.

Objetivo: Analizar la frecuencia de tristeza, nerviosismo y trastornos del sueño durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal, con cuestionario aplicado a adultos y ancianos vía web, que recopiló información sobre las condiciones de vida, la salud y los comportamientos de salud. Se estimaron prevalencias y razones de prevalencia que se ajustaron por edad y sexo. Resultados: Con datos de 45.161 encuestados, se encontró que el 40,4% (IC95% 41,4; 46,7) de los brasileños a menudo se sentía triste o deprimido y el 52,6% (IC95% 51,2; 54,1) a menudo ansioso o nervioso; el 43,5% (IC95% 41,8; 45,3) comenzó a tener trastornos de sueño y el 48,0% (IC95% 45,6; 50,5) tuvo trastorno de sueño previo agravado. La tristeza, el nerviosismo y los trastornos del sueño fueron mucho más intensos en adultos jóvenes, mujeres y personas con antecedentes de depresión. Conclusión: Las altas prevalencias encontradas indican la necesidad de garantizar la provisión de servicios a la salud mental y a la calidad del sueño, de forma adaptada al contexto pandémico.

Objective: To analyze the frequency of sadness, nervousness, and sleep disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, identifying the most affected demographic segments. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire answered by adults and elderly people to collect information on living conditions, health and health-related behaviors. Prevalence rates and prevalence ratios adjusted for age and sex were estimated. Results: The data on 45,161 Brazilian respondents showed that during the pandemic 40.4% (95%CI 39.0;41.8) frequently felt sad or depressed and 52.6% (95%CI 51.2;54.1) frequently felt anxious or nervous; 43.5% (95%CI 41.8;45.3) reported the onset of sleep problems and 48.0% (95%CI 45.6;50.5) had a prior sleep problem that had become worse. Frequent sadness and nervousness, as well as change in sleep patterns were higher in young adults, women and those with a history of depression. Conclusion: The high prevalence found indicates the need to guarantee the provision of services for mental health and quality of sleep that are adapted to the pandemic context.